ENG524 LESSON-20 CDA and History FINAL TERM NOTES BY VUHELPERS24

ENG524 LESSON-20 CDA and History FINAL TERM NOTES BY VUHELPERS24

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ENG524 LESSON-20

 Topic 1: Introduction

Q1: What does the historiographical approach to critical discourse analysis (CDA) seek to reveal?

A1: The historiographical approach to CDA seeks to reveal the hidden assumptions in received and naturalized historical accounts, with emphasis on the language used in their elaboration.

Q2: How does investigating discourses about the past contribute to understanding meaning-making practices?

A2: Investigating discourses about the past opens up a space to explore the dynamic nature of meaning-making practices and the construction of meanings of the past.

Q3: According to Flowerdew, how do we connect our past, present, and future to make meaning?

A3: Flowerdew suggests that we connect our past, present, and future to make meaning and understand their context.

Q4: What is the objective of critical discourse analysis from a historical perspective?

A4: From a critical perspective, the objective is to construct a past that is quotable in all its moments, making visible hegemonic and counter-hegemonic narratives that form part of larger power struggles.

Q5: How is the past constructed through semiotic work?

A5: The past is not a pre-existing object to collect; it has to be constructed through semiotic work involving social actors' efforts in identity-building processes.

Topic 2: Memory, history, and historiography

Q6: What is the distinction between memory and history according to Mariana Achugar?

A6: Mariana Achugar distinguishes memory as connected with lived experience (testimony) and history as more related to the reformulation of this experience into scientific discourse.

Q7: How does memory differ from history in terms of representation of time and space?

A7: Memory represents lived time and space ("I was there"), while history represents the locus of enunciation of the historian ("someone somewhere did something").

Q8: How do memory and history relate to the understanding of the past and present?

A8: Memory and history both contribute to understanding the present through the past and the past through the present, shaping the meaning of the past we construct.

Q9: What role do different scales of historical time play in exploring historical experiences?

A9: Looking at the past at different time scales allows exploration of the dialectic nature of historical experience and provides diverse perspectives on the meaning of the past.

Q10: How does understanding historical time as a form of consciousness affect our perception of individuals?

A10: Understanding historical time as a form of consciousness allows us to think of individuals as historical beings with agency.

Topic 3: Contested pasts and CDA

Q11: What is the significance of semiotic mediation in the construction of contested pasts?

A11: Semiotic mediation is important for constructing contested pasts as it not only represents but also orients and organizes meanings.

Q12: Where are the meanings of discourses about the past found?

A12: The meanings of discourses about the past are not found in the text but in the processes by which complex semiotic relations between discourses and readers/authors are made.

Q13: How has CDA explored contested discourses about the past?

A13: CDA has explored contested discourses about the past by identifying taxonomy of history genres, lexico-semantic patterns, and linguistic features.

Q14: How did Martin (2008) analyze the construction of reconciliation in a children's book?

A14: Martin (2008) analyzed the construction of reconciliation in a children's book through multimodal analysis of images and text, focusing on genre, thematic progression, agency, and evaluation.

Q15: What is the unique feature of Flowerdew's (2012) work on discursive formations?

A15: Flowerdew's work explores intercultural and multilingual communication aspects in constructing identities and national discourses that use the past.

Topic 4: Contributions of CDA to Historiography

Q16: How have CDA studies expanded notions of intertextuality, recontextualization, and resensitization?

A16: CDA studies have expanded these notions through the exploration of discourses of the past, analyzing historical phenomena diachronically, and borrowing techniques from historians and historical sociologists.

Q17: What is the Discourse-Historical Method introduced by Wodak (1999)?

A17: The Discourse-Historical Method integrates historical context into critical discourse analysis, emphasizing the importance of historicity and using different levels of context to situate analysis.

Q18: How does linguistic anthropology contribute to historiography in CDA?

A18: Linguistic anthropology contributes by situating discourse in its context of production and reception, highlighting historical layering and the significance of place.

Q19: What does historical layering capture in synchronic studies of discourses?

A19: Historical layering captures the layered simultaneity and historicity in synchronic studies of discourses, using concepts like indexicality, recontextualization, and re-entextualization.

Q20: How can multi-disciplinary collaborations enhance critical work in historiographical CDA?

A20: Multi-disciplinary collaborations can enhance critical work by exploring complex processes, comparing cases, and providing different perspectives on the topic.

Topic 5: Conclusions

Q21: Why is historiographical CDA important according to Achugar?

A21: Historiographical CDA is important to understand current historical processes, political turmoil, transnational communities, and migration.

Q22: What does future historiographical CDA need to focus on?

A22: Future historiographical CDA should focus on developing analytic methods, exploring the socially distributed nature of discourses about the past, integrating analysis of processes and social practices, and employing ethnographic work.

Q23: How do intertextual positionings and dialogism contribute to expanding CDA work?

A23: Exploring intertextual positionings and dialogism contributes to expanding CDA work by capturing multi-semiotic meaning-making practices.

Q24: What should critical work in historiographical CDA focus on?

A24: Critical work in historiographical CDA should focus on comparing cases, exploring hegemonic and counter-hegemonic practices, and considering claims to legitimacy and social distribution of discourse about the past.

Q25: How does CDA contribute to exploring contested discourses about the past?

A25: CDA considers contextualization, location of production, context of reception, varying scales, and indexical meanings when exploring contested discourses about the past.